//===--- LoopConvertCheck.cpp - clang-tidy---------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "LoopConvertCheck.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
#include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
#include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Lex/Lexer.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSet.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <optional>
#include <utility>

using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
using namespace llvm;

namespace clang::tidy {

template <> struct OptionEnumMapping<modernize::Confidence::Level> {
  static llvm::ArrayRef<std::pair<modernize::Confidence::Level, StringRef>>
  getEnumMapping() {
    static constexpr std::pair<modernize::Confidence::Level, StringRef>
        Mapping[] = {{modernize::Confidence::CL_Reasonable, "reasonable"},
                     {modernize::Confidence::CL_Safe, "safe"},
                     {modernize::Confidence::CL_Risky, "risky"}};
    return {Mapping};
  }
};

template <> struct OptionEnumMapping<modernize::VariableNamer::NamingStyle> {
  static llvm::ArrayRef<
      std::pair<modernize::VariableNamer::NamingStyle, StringRef>>
  getEnumMapping() {
    static constexpr std::pair<modernize::VariableNamer::NamingStyle, StringRef>
        Mapping[] = {{modernize::VariableNamer::NS_CamelCase, "CamelCase"},
                     {modernize::VariableNamer::NS_CamelBack, "camelBack"},
                     {modernize::VariableNamer::NS_LowerCase, "lower_case"},
                     {modernize::VariableNamer::NS_UpperCase, "UPPER_CASE"}};
    return {Mapping};
  }
};

namespace modernize {

static const char LoopNameArray[] = "forLoopArray";
static const char LoopNameIterator[] = "forLoopIterator";
static const char LoopNameReverseIterator[] = "forLoopReverseIterator";
static const char LoopNamePseudoArray[] = "forLoopPseudoArray";
static const char ConditionBoundName[] = "conditionBound";
static const char InitVarName[] = "initVar";
static const char BeginCallName[] = "beginCall";
static const char EndCallName[] = "endCall";
static const char EndVarName[] = "endVar";
static const char DerefByValueResultName[] = "derefByValueResult";
static const char DerefByRefResultName[] = "derefByRefResult";
static const llvm::StringSet<> MemberNames{"begin",   "cbegin", "rbegin",
                                           "crbegin", "end",    "cend",
                                           "rend",    "crend",  "size"};
static const llvm::StringSet<> ADLNames{"begin",   "cbegin", "rbegin",
                                        "crbegin", "end",    "cend",
                                        "rend",    "crend",  "size"};
static const llvm::StringSet<> StdNames{
    "std::begin", "std::cbegin", "std::rbegin", "std::crbegin", "std::end",
    "std::cend",  "std::rend",   "std::crend",  "std::size"};

static StatementMatcher integerComparisonMatcher() {
  return expr(ignoringParenImpCasts(
      declRefExpr(to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(InitVarName))))));
}

static DeclarationMatcher initToZeroMatcher() {
  return varDecl(
             hasInitializer(ignoringParenImpCasts(integerLiteral(equals(0)))))
      .bind(InitVarName);
}

static StatementMatcher incrementVarMatcher() {
  return declRefExpr(to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(InitVarName))));
}

static StatementMatcher
arrayConditionMatcher(internal::Matcher<Expr> LimitExpr) {
  return binaryOperator(
      anyOf(allOf(hasOperatorName("<"), hasLHS(integerComparisonMatcher()),
                  hasRHS(LimitExpr)),
            allOf(hasOperatorName(">"), hasLHS(LimitExpr),
                  hasRHS(integerComparisonMatcher())),
            allOf(hasOperatorName("!="),
                  hasOperands(integerComparisonMatcher(), LimitExpr))));
}

/// The matcher for loops over arrays.
/// \code
///   for (int i = 0; i < 3 + 2; ++i) { ... }
/// \endcode
/// The following string identifiers are bound to these parts of the AST:
///   ConditionBoundName: '3 + 2' (as an Expr)
///   InitVarName: 'i' (as a VarDecl)
///   LoopName: The entire for loop (as a ForStmt)
///
/// Client code will need to make sure that:
///   - The index variable is only used as an array index.
///   - All arrays indexed by the loop are the same.
static StatementMatcher makeArrayLoopMatcher() {
  StatementMatcher ArrayBoundMatcher =
      expr(hasType(isInteger())).bind(ConditionBoundName);

  return forStmt(unless(isInTemplateInstantiation()),
                 hasLoopInit(declStmt(hasSingleDecl(initToZeroMatcher()))),
                 hasCondition(arrayConditionMatcher(ArrayBoundMatcher)),
                 hasIncrement(
                     unaryOperator(hasOperatorName("++"),
                                   hasUnaryOperand(incrementVarMatcher()))))
      .bind(LoopNameArray);
}

/// The matcher used for iterator-based for loops.
///
/// This matcher is more flexible than array-based loops. It will match
/// catch loops of the following textual forms (regardless of whether the
/// iterator type is actually a pointer type or a class type):
///
/// \code
///   for (containerType::iterator it = container.begin(),
///        e = createIterator(); it != e; ++it) { ... }
///   for (containerType::iterator it = container.begin();
///        it != anotherContainer.end(); ++it) { ... }
///   for (containerType::iterator it = begin(container),
///        e = end(container); it != e; ++it) { ... }
///   for (containerType::iterator it = std::begin(container),
///        e = std::end(container); it != e; ++it) { ... }
/// \endcode
/// The following string identifiers are bound to the parts of the AST:
///   InitVarName: 'it' (as a VarDecl)
///   LoopName: The entire for loop (as a ForStmt)
///   In the first example only:
///     EndVarName: 'e' (as a VarDecl)
///   In the second example only:
///     EndCallName: 'container.end()' (as a CXXMemberCallExpr)
///   In the third/fourth examples:
///     'end(container)' or 'std::end(container)' (as a CallExpr)
///
/// Client code will need to make sure that:
///   - The two containers on which 'begin' and 'end' are called are the same.
static StatementMatcher makeIteratorLoopMatcher(bool IsReverse) {

  auto BeginNameMatcher = IsReverse ? hasAnyName("rbegin", "crbegin")
                                    : hasAnyName("begin", "cbegin");
  auto BeginNameMatcherStd = IsReverse
                                 ? hasAnyName("::std::rbegin", "::std::crbegin")
                                 : hasAnyName("::std::begin", "::std::cbegin");

  auto EndNameMatcher =
      IsReverse ? hasAnyName("rend", "crend") : hasAnyName("end", "cend");
  auto EndNameMatcherStd = IsReverse ? hasAnyName("::std::rend", "::std::crend")
                                     : hasAnyName("::std::end", "::std::cend");

  StatementMatcher BeginCallMatcher =
      expr(anyOf(cxxMemberCallExpr(argumentCountIs(0),
                                   callee(cxxMethodDecl(BeginNameMatcher))),
                 callExpr(argumentCountIs(1),
                          callee(functionDecl(BeginNameMatcher)), usesADL()),
                 callExpr(argumentCountIs(1),
                          callee(functionDecl(BeginNameMatcherStd)))))
          .bind(BeginCallName);

  DeclarationMatcher InitDeclMatcher =
      varDecl(hasInitializer(anyOf(ignoringParenImpCasts(BeginCallMatcher),
                                   materializeTemporaryExpr(
                                       ignoringParenImpCasts(BeginCallMatcher)),
                                   hasDescendant(BeginCallMatcher))))
          .bind(InitVarName);

  DeclarationMatcher EndDeclMatcher =
      varDecl(hasInitializer(anything())).bind(EndVarName);

  StatementMatcher EndCallMatcher = expr(anyOf(
      cxxMemberCallExpr(argumentCountIs(0),
                        callee(cxxMethodDecl(EndNameMatcher))),
      callExpr(argumentCountIs(1), callee(functionDecl(EndNameMatcher)),
               usesADL()),
      callExpr(argumentCountIs(1), callee(functionDecl(EndNameMatcherStd)))));

  StatementMatcher IteratorBoundMatcher =
      expr(anyOf(ignoringParenImpCasts(
                     declRefExpr(to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(EndVarName))))),
                 ignoringParenImpCasts(expr(EndCallMatcher).bind(EndCallName)),
                 materializeTemporaryExpr(ignoringParenImpCasts(
                     expr(EndCallMatcher).bind(EndCallName)))));

  StatementMatcher IteratorComparisonMatcher = expr(ignoringParenImpCasts(
      declRefExpr(to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(InitVarName))))));

  // This matcher tests that a declaration is a CXXRecordDecl that has an
  // overloaded operator*(). If the operator*() returns by value instead of by
  // reference then the return type is tagged with DerefByValueResultName.
  internal::Matcher<VarDecl> TestDerefReturnsByValue =
      hasType(hasUnqualifiedDesugaredType(
          recordType(hasDeclaration(cxxRecordDecl(hasMethod(cxxMethodDecl(
              hasOverloadedOperatorName("*"),
              anyOf(
                  // Tag the return type if it's by value.
                  returns(qualType(unless(hasCanonicalType(referenceType())))
                              .bind(DerefByValueResultName)),
                  returns(
                      // Skip loops where the iterator's operator* returns an
                      // rvalue reference. This is just weird.
                      qualType(unless(hasCanonicalType(rValueReferenceType())))
                          .bind(DerefByRefResultName))))))))));

  return forStmt(
             unless(isInTemplateInstantiation()),
             hasLoopInit(anyOf(declStmt(declCountIs(2),
                                        containsDeclaration(0, InitDeclMatcher),
                                        containsDeclaration(1, EndDeclMatcher)),
                               declStmt(hasSingleDecl(InitDeclMatcher)))),
             hasCondition(ignoringImplicit(binaryOperation(
                 hasOperatorName("!="), hasOperands(IteratorComparisonMatcher,
                                                    IteratorBoundMatcher)))),
             hasIncrement(anyOf(
                 unaryOperator(hasOperatorName("++"),
                               hasUnaryOperand(declRefExpr(
                                   to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(InitVarName)))))),
                 cxxOperatorCallExpr(
                     hasOverloadedOperatorName("++"),
                     hasArgument(0, declRefExpr(to(
                                        varDecl(equalsBoundNode(InitVarName),
                                                TestDerefReturnsByValue))))))))
      .bind(IsReverse ? LoopNameReverseIterator : LoopNameIterator);
}

/// The matcher used for array-like containers (pseudoarrays).
///
/// This matcher is more flexible than array-based loops. It will match
/// loops of the following textual forms (regardless of whether the
/// iterator type is actually a pointer type or a class type):
///
/// \code
///   for (int i = 0, j = container.size(); i < j; ++i) { ... }
///   for (int i = 0; i < container.size(); ++i) { ... }
///   for (int i = 0; i < size(container); ++i) { ... }
/// \endcode
/// The following string identifiers are bound to the parts of the AST:
///   InitVarName: 'i' (as a VarDecl)
///   LoopName: The entire for loop (as a ForStmt)
///   In the first example only:
///     EndVarName: 'j' (as a VarDecl)
///   In the second example only:
///     EndCallName: 'container.size()' (as a CXXMemberCallExpr) or
///     'size(container)' (as a CallExpr)
///
/// Client code will need to make sure that:
///   - The containers on which 'size()' is called is the container indexed.
///   - The index variable is only used in overloaded operator[] or
///     container.at().
///   - The container's iterators would not be invalidated during the loop.
static StatementMatcher makePseudoArrayLoopMatcher() {
  // Test that the incoming type has a record declaration that has methods
  // called 'begin' and 'end'. If the incoming type is const, then make sure
  // these methods are also marked const.
  //
  // FIXME: To be completely thorough this matcher should also ensure the
  // return type of begin/end is an iterator that dereferences to the same as
  // what operator[] or at() returns. Such a test isn't likely to fail except
  // for pathological cases.
  //
  // FIXME: Also, a record doesn't necessarily need begin() and end(). Free
  // functions called begin() and end() taking the container as an argument
  // are also allowed.
  TypeMatcher RecordWithBeginEnd = qualType(anyOf(
      qualType(isConstQualified(),
               hasUnqualifiedDesugaredType(recordType(hasDeclaration(
                   cxxRecordDecl(isSameOrDerivedFrom(cxxRecordDecl(
                       hasMethod(cxxMethodDecl(hasName("begin"), isConst())),
                       hasMethod(cxxMethodDecl(hasName("end"),
                                               isConst())))))) // hasDeclaration
                                                      ))),     // qualType
      qualType(unless(isConstQualified()),
               hasUnqualifiedDesugaredType(recordType(hasDeclaration(
                   cxxRecordDecl(isSameOrDerivedFrom(cxxRecordDecl(
                       hasMethod(hasName("begin")),
                       hasMethod(hasName("end"))))))))) // qualType
      ));

  StatementMatcher SizeCallMatcher = expr(anyOf(
      cxxMemberCallExpr(argumentCountIs(0),
                        callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasAnyName("size", "length"))),
                        on(anyOf(hasType(pointsTo(RecordWithBeginEnd)),
                                 hasType(RecordWithBeginEnd)))),
      callExpr(argumentCountIs(1), callee(functionDecl(hasName("size"))),
               usesADL()),
      callExpr(argumentCountIs(1),
               callee(functionDecl(hasName("::std::size"))))));

  StatementMatcher EndInitMatcher =
      expr(anyOf(ignoringParenImpCasts(expr(SizeCallMatcher).bind(EndCallName)),
                 explicitCastExpr(hasSourceExpression(ignoringParenImpCasts(
                     expr(SizeCallMatcher).bind(EndCallName))))));

  DeclarationMatcher EndDeclMatcher =
      varDecl(hasInitializer(EndInitMatcher)).bind(EndVarName);

  StatementMatcher IndexBoundMatcher =
      expr(anyOf(ignoringParenImpCasts(
                     declRefExpr(to(varDecl(equalsBoundNode(EndVarName))))),
                 EndInitMatcher));

  return forStmt(unless(isInTemplateInstantiation()),
                 hasLoopInit(
                     anyOf(declStmt(declCountIs(2),
                                    containsDeclaration(0, initToZeroMatcher()),
                                    containsDeclaration(1, EndDeclMatcher)),
                           declStmt(hasSingleDecl(initToZeroMatcher())))),
                 hasCondition(arrayConditionMatcher(IndexBoundMatcher)),
                 hasIncrement(
                     unaryOperator(hasOperatorName("++"),
                                   hasUnaryOperand(incrementVarMatcher()))))
      .bind(LoopNamePseudoArray);
}

enum class IteratorCallKind {
  ICK_Member,
  ICK_ADL,
  ICK_Std,
};

struct ContainerCall {
  const Expr *Container;
  StringRef Name;
  bool IsArrow;
  IteratorCallKind CallKind;
};

// Find the Expr likely initializing an iterator.
//
// Call is either a CXXMemberCallExpr ('c.begin()') or CallExpr of a free
// function with the first argument as a container ('begin(c)'), or nullptr.
// Returns at a 3-tuple with the container expr, function name (begin/end/etc),
// and whether the call is made through an arrow (->) for CXXMemberCallExprs.
// The returned Expr* is nullptr if any of the assumptions are not met.
// static std::tuple<const Expr *, StringRef, bool, IteratorCallKind>
static std::optional<ContainerCall> getContainerExpr(const Expr *Call) {
  const Expr *Dug = digThroughConstructorsConversions(Call);

  IteratorCallKind CallKind = IteratorCallKind::ICK_Member;

  if (const auto *TheCall = dyn_cast_or_null<CXXMemberCallExpr>(Dug)) {
    CallKind = IteratorCallKind::ICK_Member;
    if (const auto *Member = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(TheCall->getCallee())) {
      if (Member->getMemberDecl() == nullptr ||
          !MemberNames.contains(Member->getMemberDecl()->getName()))
        return std::nullopt;
      return ContainerCall{TheCall->getImplicitObjectArgument(),
                           Member->getMemberDecl()->getName(),
                           Member->isArrow(), CallKind};
    }
    if (TheCall->getDirectCallee() == nullptr ||
        !MemberNames.contains(TheCall->getDirectCallee()->getName()))
      return std::nullopt;
    return ContainerCall{TheCall->getArg(0),
                         TheCall->getDirectCallee()->getName(), false,
                         CallKind};
  }
  if (const auto *TheCall = dyn_cast_or_null<CallExpr>(Dug)) {
    if (TheCall->getNumArgs() != 1)
      return std::nullopt;

    if (TheCall->usesADL()) {
      if (TheCall->getDirectCallee() == nullptr ||
          !ADLNames.contains(TheCall->getDirectCallee()->getName()))
        return std::nullopt;
      CallKind = IteratorCallKind::ICK_ADL;
    } else {
      if (!StdNames.contains(
              TheCall->getDirectCallee()->getQualifiedNameAsString()))
        return std::nullopt;
      CallKind = IteratorCallKind::ICK_Std;
    }

    if (TheCall->getDirectCallee() == nullptr)
      return std::nullopt;

    return ContainerCall{TheCall->getArg(0),
                         TheCall->getDirectCallee()->getName(), false,
                         CallKind};
  }
  return std::nullopt;
}

/// Determine whether Init appears to be an initializing an iterator.
///
/// If it is, returns the object whose begin() or end() method is called, and
/// the output parameter isArrow is set to indicate whether the initialization
/// is called via . or ->.
static std::pair<const Expr *, IteratorCallKind>
getContainerFromBeginEndCall(const Expr *Init, bool IsBegin, bool *IsArrow,
                             bool IsReverse) {
  // FIXME: Maybe allow declaration/initialization outside of the for loop.

  std::optional<ContainerCall> Call = getContainerExpr(Init);
  if (!Call)
    return {};

  *IsArrow = Call->IsArrow;
  if (!Call->Name.consume_back(IsBegin ? "begin" : "end"))
    return {};
  if (IsReverse && !Call->Name.consume_back("r"))
    return {};
  if (!Call->Name.empty() && Call->Name != "c")
    return {};
  return std::make_pair(Call->Container, Call->CallKind);
}

/// Determines the container whose begin() and end() functions are called
/// for an iterator-based loop.
///
/// BeginExpr must be a member call to a function named "begin()", and EndExpr
/// must be a member.
static const Expr *findContainer(ASTContext *Context, const Expr *BeginExpr,
                                 const Expr *EndExpr,
                                 bool *ContainerNeedsDereference,
                                 bool IsReverse) {
  // Now that we know the loop variable and test expression, make sure they are
  // valid.
  bool BeginIsArrow = false;
  bool EndIsArrow = false;
  auto [BeginContainerExpr, BeginCallKind] = getContainerFromBeginEndCall(
      BeginExpr, /*IsBegin=*/true, &BeginIsArrow, IsReverse);
  if (!BeginContainerExpr)
    return nullptr;

  auto [EndContainerExpr, EndCallKind] = getContainerFromBeginEndCall(
      EndExpr, /*IsBegin=*/false, &EndIsArrow, IsReverse);
  if (BeginCallKind != EndCallKind)
    return nullptr;

  // Disallow loops that try evil things like this (note the dot and arrow):
  //  for (IteratorType It = Obj.begin(), E = Obj->end(); It != E; ++It) { }
  if (!EndContainerExpr || BeginIsArrow != EndIsArrow ||
      !areSameExpr(Context, EndContainerExpr, BeginContainerExpr))
    return nullptr;

  *ContainerNeedsDereference = BeginIsArrow;
  return BeginContainerExpr;
}

/// Obtain the original source code text from a SourceRange.
static StringRef getStringFromRange(SourceManager &SourceMgr,
                                    const LangOptions &LangOpts,
                                    SourceRange Range) {
  if (SourceMgr.getFileID(Range.getBegin()) !=
      SourceMgr.getFileID(Range.getEnd())) {
    return {}; // Empty string.
  }

  return Lexer::getSourceText(CharSourceRange(Range, true), SourceMgr,
                              LangOpts);
}

/// If the given expression is actually a DeclRefExpr or a MemberExpr,
/// find and return the underlying ValueDecl; otherwise, return NULL.
static const ValueDecl *getReferencedVariable(const Expr *E) {
  if (const DeclRefExpr *DRE = getDeclRef(E))
    return dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl());
  if (const auto *Mem = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(E->IgnoreParenImpCasts()))
    return dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(Mem->getMemberDecl());
  return nullptr;
}

/// Returns true when the given expression is a member expression
/// whose base is `this` (implicitly or not).
static bool isDirectMemberExpr(const Expr *E) {
  if (const auto *Member = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(E->IgnoreParenImpCasts()))
    return isa<CXXThisExpr>(Member->getBase()->IgnoreParenImpCasts());
  return false;
}

/// Given an expression that represents an usage of an element from the
/// container that we are iterating over, returns false when it can be
/// guaranteed this element cannot be modified as a result of this usage.
static bool canBeModified(ASTContext *Context, const Expr *E) {
  if (E->getType().isConstQualified())
    return false;
  auto Parents = Context->getParents(*E);
  if (Parents.size() != 1)
    return true;
  if (const auto *Cast = Parents[0].get<ImplicitCastExpr>()) {
    if ((Cast->getCastKind() == CK_NoOp &&
         Context->hasSameType(Cast->getType(), E->getType().withConst())) ||
        (Cast->getCastKind() == CK_LValueToRValue &&
         !Cast->getType().isNull() && Cast->getType()->isFundamentalType()))
      return false;
  }
  // FIXME: Make this function more generic.
  return true;
}

/// Returns true when it can be guaranteed that the elements of the
/// container are not being modified.
static bool usagesAreConst(ASTContext *Context, const UsageResult &Usages) {
  for (const Usage &U : Usages) {
    // Lambda captures are just redeclarations (VarDecl) of the same variable,
    // not expressions. If we want to know if a variable that is captured by
    // reference can be modified in an usage inside the lambda's body, we need
    // to find the expression corresponding to that particular usage, later in
    // this loop.
    if (U.Kind != Usage::UK_CaptureByCopy && U.Kind != Usage::UK_CaptureByRef &&
        canBeModified(Context, U.Expression))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

/// Returns true if the elements of the container are never accessed
/// by reference.
static bool usagesReturnRValues(const UsageResult &Usages) {
  for (const auto &U : Usages) {
    if (U.Expression && !U.Expression->isPRValue())
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

/// Returns true if the container is const-qualified.
static bool containerIsConst(const Expr *ContainerExpr, bool Dereference) {
  if (const auto *VDec = getReferencedVariable(ContainerExpr)) {
    QualType CType = VDec->getType();
    if (Dereference) {
      if (!CType->isPointerType())
        return false;
      CType = CType->getPointeeType();
    }
    // If VDec is a reference to a container, Dereference is false,
    // but we still need to check the const-ness of the underlying container
    // type.
    CType = CType.getNonReferenceType();
    return CType.isConstQualified();
  }
  return false;
}

LoopConvertCheck::LoopConvertCheck(StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context)
    : ClangTidyCheck(Name, Context), TUInfo(new TUTrackingInfo),
      MaxCopySize(Options.get("MaxCopySize", 16ULL)),
      MinConfidence(Options.get("MinConfidence", Confidence::CL_Reasonable)),
      NamingStyle(Options.get("NamingStyle", VariableNamer::NS_CamelCase)),
      Inserter(Options.getLocalOrGlobal("IncludeStyle",
                                        utils::IncludeSorter::IS_LLVM),
               areDiagsSelfContained()),
      UseCxx20IfAvailable(Options.get("UseCxx20ReverseRanges", true)),
      ReverseFunction(Options.get("MakeReverseRangeFunction", "")),
      ReverseHeader(Options.get("MakeReverseRangeHeader", "")) {

  if (ReverseFunction.empty() && !ReverseHeader.empty()) {
    configurationDiag(
        "modernize-loop-convert: 'MakeReverseRangeHeader' is set but "
        "'MakeReverseRangeFunction' is not, disabling reverse loop "
        "transformation");
    UseReverseRanges = false;
  } else if (ReverseFunction.empty()) {
    UseReverseRanges = UseCxx20IfAvailable && getLangOpts().CPlusPlus20;
  } else {
    UseReverseRanges = true;
  }
}

void LoopConvertCheck::storeOptions(ClangTidyOptions::OptionMap &Opts) {
  Options.store(Opts, "MaxCopySize", MaxCopySize);
  Options.store(Opts, "MinConfidence", MinConfidence);
  Options.store(Opts, "NamingStyle", NamingStyle);
  Options.store(Opts, "IncludeStyle", Inserter.getStyle());
  Options.store(Opts, "UseCxx20ReverseRanges", UseCxx20IfAvailable);
  Options.store(Opts, "MakeReverseRangeFunction", ReverseFunction);
  Options.store(Opts, "MakeReverseRangeHeader", ReverseHeader);
}

void LoopConvertCheck::registerPPCallbacks(const SourceManager &SM,
                                           Preprocessor *PP,
                                           Preprocessor *ModuleExpanderPP) {
  Inserter.registerPreprocessor(PP);
}

void LoopConvertCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
  Finder->addMatcher(traverse(TK_AsIs, makeArrayLoopMatcher()), this);
  Finder->addMatcher(traverse(TK_AsIs, makeIteratorLoopMatcher(false)), this);
  Finder->addMatcher(traverse(TK_AsIs, makePseudoArrayLoopMatcher()), this);
  if (UseReverseRanges)
    Finder->addMatcher(traverse(TK_AsIs, makeIteratorLoopMatcher(true)), this);
}

/// Given the range of a single declaration, such as:
/// \code
///   unsigned &ThisIsADeclarationThatCanSpanSeveralLinesOfCode =
///       InitializationValues[I];
///   next_instruction;
/// \endcode
/// Finds the range that has to be erased to remove this declaration without
/// leaving empty lines, by extending the range until the beginning of the
/// next instruction.
///
/// We need to delete a potential newline after the deleted alias, as
/// clang-format will leave empty lines untouched. For all other formatting we
/// rely on clang-format to fix it.
void LoopConvertCheck::getAliasRange(SourceManager &SM, SourceRange &Range) {
  bool Invalid = false;
  const char *TextAfter =
      SM.getCharacterData(Range.getEnd().getLocWithOffset(1), &Invalid);
  if (Invalid)
    return;
  unsigned Offset = std::strspn(TextAfter, " \t\r\n");
  Range =
      SourceRange(Range.getBegin(), Range.getEnd().getLocWithOffset(Offset));
}

/// Computes the changes needed to convert a given for loop, and
/// applies them.
void LoopConvertCheck::doConversion(
    ASTContext *Context, const VarDecl *IndexVar,
    const ValueDecl *MaybeContainer, const UsageResult &Usages,
    const DeclStmt *AliasDecl, bool AliasUseRequired, bool AliasFromForInit,
    const ForStmt *Loop, RangeDescriptor Descriptor) {
  std::string VarNameOrStructuredBinding;
  bool VarNameFromAlias = (Usages.size() == 1) && AliasDecl;
  bool AliasVarIsRef = false;
  bool CanCopy = true;
  std::vector<FixItHint> FixIts;
  if (VarNameFromAlias) {
    const auto *AliasVar = cast<VarDecl>(AliasDecl->getSingleDecl());

    // Handle structured bindings
    if (const auto *AliasDecompositionDecl =
            dyn_cast<DecompositionDecl>(AliasDecl->getSingleDecl())) {
      VarNameOrStructuredBinding = "[";

      assert(!AliasDecompositionDecl->bindings().empty() && "No bindings");
      for (const BindingDecl *Binding : AliasDecompositionDecl->bindings()) {
        VarNameOrStructuredBinding += Binding->getName().str() + ", ";
      }

      VarNameOrStructuredBinding.erase(VarNameOrStructuredBinding.size() - 2,
                                       2);
      VarNameOrStructuredBinding += "]";
    } else {
      VarNameOrStructuredBinding = AliasVar->getName().str();

      // Use the type of the alias if it's not the same
      QualType AliasVarType = AliasVar->getType();
      assert(!AliasVarType.isNull() && "Type in VarDecl is null");
      if (AliasVarType->isReferenceType()) {
        AliasVarType = AliasVarType.getNonReferenceType();
        AliasVarIsRef = true;
      }
      if (Descriptor.ElemType.isNull() ||
          !Context->hasSameUnqualifiedType(AliasVarType, Descriptor.ElemType))
        Descriptor.ElemType = AliasVarType;
    }

    // We keep along the entire DeclStmt to keep the correct range here.
    SourceRange ReplaceRange = AliasDecl->getSourceRange();

    std::string ReplacementText;
    if (AliasUseRequired) {
      ReplacementText = VarNameOrStructuredBinding;
    } else if (AliasFromForInit) {
      // FIXME: Clang includes the location of the ';' but only for DeclStmt's
      // in a for loop's init clause. Need to put this ';' back while removing
      // the declaration of the alias variable. This is probably a bug.
      ReplacementText = ";";
    } else {
      // Avoid leaving empty lines or trailing whitespaces.
      getAliasRange(Context->getSourceManager(), ReplaceRange);
    }

    FixIts.push_back(FixItHint::CreateReplacement(
        CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(ReplaceRange), ReplacementText));
    // No further replacements are made to the loop, since the iterator or index
    // was used exactly once - in the initialization of AliasVar.
  } else {
    VariableNamer Namer(&TUInfo->getGeneratedDecls(),
                        &TUInfo->getParentFinder().getStmtToParentStmtMap(),
                        Loop, IndexVar, MaybeContainer, Context, NamingStyle);
    VarNameOrStructuredBinding = Namer.createIndexName();
    // First, replace all usages of the array subscript expression with our new
    // variable.
    for (const auto &Usage : Usages) {
      std::string ReplaceText;
      SourceRange Range = Usage.Range;
      if (Usage.Expression) {
        // If this is an access to a member through the arrow operator, after
        // the replacement it must be accessed through the '.' operator.
        ReplaceText = Usage.Kind == Usage::UK_MemberThroughArrow
                          ? VarNameOrStructuredBinding + "."
                          : VarNameOrStructuredBinding;
        const DynTypedNodeList Parents = Context->getParents(*Usage.Expression);
        if (Parents.size() == 1) {
          if (const auto *Paren = Parents[0].get<ParenExpr>()) {
            // Usage.Expression will be replaced with the new index variable,
            // and parenthesis around a simple DeclRefExpr can always be
            // removed except in case of a `sizeof` operator call.
            const DynTypedNodeList GrandParents = Context->getParents(*Paren);
            if (GrandParents.size() != 1 ||
                GrandParents[0].get<UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr>() == nullptr) {
              Range = Paren->getSourceRange();
            }
          } else if (const auto *UOP = Parents[0].get<UnaryOperator>()) {
            // If we are taking the address of the loop variable, then we must
            // not use a copy, as it would mean taking the address of the loop's
            // local index instead.
            // FIXME: This won't catch cases where the address is taken outside
            // of the loop's body (for instance, in a function that got the
            // loop's index as a const reference parameter), or where we take
            // the address of a member (like "&Arr[i].A.B.C").
            if (UOP->getOpcode() == UO_AddrOf)
              CanCopy = false;
          }
        }
      } else {
        // The Usage expression is only null in case of lambda captures (which
        // are VarDecl). If the index is captured by value, add '&' to capture
        // by reference instead.
        ReplaceText = Usage.Kind == Usage::UK_CaptureByCopy
                          ? "&" + VarNameOrStructuredBinding
                          : VarNameOrStructuredBinding;
      }
      TUInfo->getReplacedVars().insert(std::make_pair(Loop, IndexVar));
      FixIts.push_back(FixItHint::CreateReplacement(
          CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(Range), ReplaceText));
    }
  }

  // Now, we need to construct the new range expression.
  SourceRange ParenRange(Loop->getLParenLoc(), Loop->getRParenLoc());

  QualType Type = Context->getAutoDeductType();
  if (!Descriptor.ElemType.isNull() && Descriptor.ElemType->isFundamentalType())
    Type = Descriptor.ElemType.getUnqualifiedType();
  Type = Type.getDesugaredType(*Context);

  // If the new variable name is from the aliased variable, then the reference
  // type for the new variable should only be used if the aliased variable was
  // declared as a reference.
  bool IsCheapToCopy =
      !Descriptor.ElemType.isNull() &&
      Descriptor.ElemType.isTriviallyCopyableType(*Context) &&
      !Descriptor.ElemType->isDependentSizedArrayType() &&
      // TypeInfo::Width is in bits.
      Context->getTypeInfo(Descriptor.ElemType).Width <= 8 * MaxCopySize;
  bool UseCopy = CanCopy && ((VarNameFromAlias && !AliasVarIsRef) ||
                             (Descriptor.DerefByConstRef && IsCheapToCopy));

  if (!UseCopy) {
    if (Descriptor.DerefByConstRef) {
      Type = Context->getLValueReferenceType(Context->getConstType(Type));
    } else if (Descriptor.DerefByValue) {
      if (!IsCheapToCopy)
        Type = Context->getRValueReferenceType(Type);
    } else {
      Type = Context->getLValueReferenceType(Type);
    }
  }

  SmallString<128> Range;
  llvm::raw_svector_ostream Output(Range);
  Output << '(';
  Type.print(Output, getLangOpts());
  Output << ' ' << VarNameOrStructuredBinding << " : ";
  if (Descriptor.NeedsReverseCall)
    Output << getReverseFunction() << '(';
  if (Descriptor.ContainerNeedsDereference)
    Output << '*';
  Output << Descriptor.ContainerString;
  if (Descriptor.NeedsReverseCall)
    Output << "))";
  else
    Output << ')';
  FixIts.push_back(FixItHint::CreateReplacement(
      CharSourceRange::getTokenRange(ParenRange), Range));

  if (Descriptor.NeedsReverseCall && !getReverseHeader().empty()) {
    if (std::optional<FixItHint> Insertion = Inserter.createIncludeInsertion(
            Context->getSourceManager().getFileID(Loop->getBeginLoc()),
            getReverseHeader()))
      FixIts.push_back(*Insertion);
  }
  diag(Loop->getForLoc(), "use range-based for loop instead") << FixIts;
  TUInfo->getGeneratedDecls().insert(
      make_pair(Loop, VarNameOrStructuredBinding));
}

/// Returns a string which refers to the container iterated over.
StringRef LoopConvertCheck::getContainerString(ASTContext *Context,
                                               const ForStmt *Loop,
                                               const Expr *ContainerExpr) {
  StringRef ContainerString;
  ContainerExpr = ContainerExpr->IgnoreParenImpCasts();
  if (isa<CXXThisExpr>(ContainerExpr)) {
    ContainerString = "this";
  } else {
    // For CXXOperatorCallExpr such as vector_ptr->size() we want the class
    // object vector_ptr, but for vector[2] we need the whole expression.
    if (const auto *E = dyn_cast<CXXOperatorCallExpr>(ContainerExpr))
      if (E->getOperator() != OO_Subscript)
        ContainerExpr = E->getArg(0);
    ContainerString =
        getStringFromRange(Context->getSourceManager(), Context->getLangOpts(),
                           ContainerExpr->getSourceRange());
  }

  return ContainerString;
}

/// Determines what kind of 'auto' must be used after converting a for
/// loop that iterates over an array or pseudoarray.
void LoopConvertCheck::getArrayLoopQualifiers(ASTContext *Context,
                                              const BoundNodes &Nodes,
                                              const Expr *ContainerExpr,
                                              const UsageResult &Usages,
                                              RangeDescriptor &Descriptor) {
  // On arrays and pseudoarrays, we must figure out the qualifiers from the
  // usages.
  if (usagesAreConst(Context, Usages) ||
      containerIsConst(ContainerExpr, Descriptor.ContainerNeedsDereference)) {
    Descriptor.DerefByConstRef = true;
  }
  if (usagesReturnRValues(Usages)) {
    // If the index usages (dereference, subscript, at, ...) return rvalues,
    // then we should not use a reference, because we need to keep the code
    // correct if it mutates the returned objects.
    Descriptor.DerefByValue = true;
  }
  // Try to find the type of the elements on the container, to check if
  // they are trivially copyable.
  for (const Usage &U : Usages) {
    if (!U.Expression || U.Expression->getType().isNull())
      continue;
    QualType Type = U.Expression->getType().getCanonicalType();
    if (U.Kind == Usage::UK_MemberThroughArrow) {
      if (!Type->isPointerType()) {
        continue;
      }
      Type = Type->getPointeeType();
    }
    Descriptor.ElemType = Type;
  }
}

/// Determines what kind of 'auto' must be used after converting an
/// iterator based for loop.
void LoopConvertCheck::getIteratorLoopQualifiers(ASTContext *Context,
                                                 const BoundNodes &Nodes,
                                                 RangeDescriptor &Descriptor) {
  // The matchers for iterator loops provide bound nodes to obtain this
  // information.
  const auto *InitVar = Nodes.getNodeAs<VarDecl>(InitVarName);
  QualType CanonicalInitVarType = InitVar->getType().getCanonicalType();
  const auto *DerefByValueType =
      Nodes.getNodeAs<QualType>(DerefByValueResultName);
  Descriptor.DerefByValue = DerefByValueType;

  if (Descriptor.DerefByValue) {
    // If the dereference operator returns by value then test for the
    // canonical const qualification of the init variable type.
    Descriptor.DerefByConstRef = CanonicalInitVarType.isConstQualified();
    Descriptor.ElemType = *DerefByValueType;
  } else {
    if (const auto *DerefType =
            Nodes.getNodeAs<QualType>(DerefByRefResultName)) {
      // A node will only be bound with DerefByRefResultName if we're dealing
      // with a user-defined iterator type. Test the const qualification of
      // the reference type.
      auto ValueType = DerefType->getNonReferenceType();

      Descriptor.DerefByConstRef = ValueType.isConstQualified();
      Descriptor.ElemType = ValueType;
    } else {
      // By nature of the matcher this case is triggered only for built-in
      // iterator types (i.e. pointers).
      assert(isa<PointerType>(CanonicalInitVarType) &&
             "Non-class iterator type is not a pointer type");

      // We test for const qualification of the pointed-at type.
      Descriptor.DerefByConstRef =
          CanonicalInitVarType->getPointeeType().isConstQualified();
      Descriptor.ElemType = CanonicalInitVarType->getPointeeType();
    }
  }
}

/// Determines the parameters needed to build the range replacement.
void LoopConvertCheck::determineRangeDescriptor(
    ASTContext *Context, const BoundNodes &Nodes, const ForStmt *Loop,
    LoopFixerKind FixerKind, const Expr *ContainerExpr,
    const UsageResult &Usages, RangeDescriptor &Descriptor) {
  Descriptor.ContainerString =
      std::string(getContainerString(Context, Loop, ContainerExpr));
  Descriptor.NeedsReverseCall = (FixerKind == LFK_ReverseIterator);

  if (FixerKind == LFK_Iterator || FixerKind == LFK_ReverseIterator)
    getIteratorLoopQualifiers(Context, Nodes, Descriptor);
  else
    getArrayLoopQualifiers(Context, Nodes, ContainerExpr, Usages, Descriptor);
}

/// Check some of the conditions that must be met for the loop to be
/// convertible.
bool LoopConvertCheck::isConvertible(ASTContext *Context,
                                     const ast_matchers::BoundNodes &Nodes,
                                     const ForStmt *Loop,
                                     LoopFixerKind FixerKind) {
  // In self contained diagnostic mode we don't want dependencies on other
  // loops, otherwise, If we already modified the range of this for loop, don't
  // do any further updates on this iteration.
  if (areDiagsSelfContained())
    TUInfo = std::make_unique<TUTrackingInfo>();
  else if (TUInfo->getReplacedVars().count(Loop))
    return false;

  // Check that we have exactly one index variable and at most one end variable.
  const auto *InitVar = Nodes.getNodeAs<VarDecl>(InitVarName);

  // FIXME: Try to put most of this logic inside a matcher.
  if (FixerKind == LFK_Iterator || FixerKind == LFK_ReverseIterator) {
    QualType InitVarType = InitVar->getType();
    QualType CanonicalInitVarType = InitVarType.getCanonicalType();

    const auto *BeginCall = Nodes.getNodeAs<CallExpr>(BeginCallName);
    assert(BeginCall && "Bad Callback. No begin call expression");
    QualType CanonicalBeginType =
        BeginCall->getDirectCallee()->getReturnType().getCanonicalType();
    if (CanonicalBeginType->isPointerType() &&
        CanonicalInitVarType->isPointerType()) {
      // If the initializer and the variable are both pointers check if the
      // un-qualified pointee types match, otherwise we don't use auto.
      return Context->hasSameUnqualifiedType(
          CanonicalBeginType->getPointeeType(),
          CanonicalInitVarType->getPointeeType());
    }

    if (CanonicalBeginType->isBuiltinType() ||
        CanonicalInitVarType->isBuiltinType())
      return false;

  } else if (FixerKind == LFK_PseudoArray) {
    if (const auto *EndCall = Nodes.getNodeAs<CXXMemberCallExpr>(EndCallName)) {
      // This call is required to obtain the container.
      if (!isa<MemberExpr>(EndCall->getCallee()))
        return false;
    }
    return Nodes.getNodeAs<CallExpr>(EndCallName) != nullptr;
  }
  return true;
}

void LoopConvertCheck::check(const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
  const BoundNodes &Nodes = Result.Nodes;
  Confidence ConfidenceLevel(Confidence::CL_Safe);
  ASTContext *Context = Result.Context;

  const ForStmt *Loop = nullptr;
  LoopFixerKind FixerKind{};
  RangeDescriptor Descriptor;

  if ((Loop = Nodes.getNodeAs<ForStmt>(LoopNameArray))) {
    FixerKind = LFK_Array;
  } else if ((Loop = Nodes.getNodeAs<ForStmt>(LoopNameIterator))) {
    FixerKind = LFK_Iterator;
  } else if ((Loop = Nodes.getNodeAs<ForStmt>(LoopNameReverseIterator))) {
    FixerKind = LFK_ReverseIterator;
  } else {
    Loop = Nodes.getNodeAs<ForStmt>(LoopNamePseudoArray);
    assert(Loop && "Bad Callback. No for statement");
    FixerKind = LFK_PseudoArray;
  }

  if (!isConvertible(Context, Nodes, Loop, FixerKind))
    return;

  const auto *LoopVar = Nodes.getNodeAs<VarDecl>(InitVarName);
  const auto *EndVar = Nodes.getNodeAs<VarDecl>(EndVarName);

  // If the loop calls end()/size() after each iteration, lower our confidence
  // level.
  if (FixerKind != LFK_Array && !EndVar)
    ConfidenceLevel.lowerTo(Confidence::CL_Reasonable);

  // If the end comparison isn't a variable, we can try to work with the
  // expression the loop variable is being tested against instead.
  const auto *EndCall = Nodes.getNodeAs<Expr>(EndCallName);
  const auto *BoundExpr = Nodes.getNodeAs<Expr>(ConditionBoundName);

  // Find container expression of iterators and pseudoarrays, and determine if
  // this expression needs to be dereferenced to obtain the container.
  // With array loops, the container is often discovered during the
  // ForLoopIndexUseVisitor traversal.
  const Expr *ContainerExpr = nullptr;
  if (FixerKind == LFK_Iterator || FixerKind == LFK_ReverseIterator) {
    ContainerExpr = findContainer(
        Context, LoopVar->getInit(), EndVar ? EndVar->getInit() : EndCall,
        &Descriptor.ContainerNeedsDereference,
        /*IsReverse=*/FixerKind == LFK_ReverseIterator);
  } else if (FixerKind == LFK_PseudoArray) {
    std::optional<ContainerCall> Call = getContainerExpr(EndCall);
    if (Call) {
      ContainerExpr = Call->Container;
      Descriptor.ContainerNeedsDereference = Call->IsArrow;
    }
  }

  // We must know the container or an array length bound.
  if (!ContainerExpr && !BoundExpr)
    return;

  ForLoopIndexUseVisitor Finder(Context, LoopVar, EndVar, ContainerExpr,
                                BoundExpr,
                                Descriptor.ContainerNeedsDereference);

  // Find expressions and variables on which the container depends.
  if (ContainerExpr) {
    ComponentFinderASTVisitor ComponentFinder;
    ComponentFinder.findExprComponents(ContainerExpr->IgnoreParenImpCasts());
    Finder.addComponents(ComponentFinder.getComponents());
  }

  // Find usages of the loop index. If they are not used in a convertible way,
  // stop here.
  if (!Finder.findAndVerifyUsages(Loop->getBody()))
    return;
  ConfidenceLevel.lowerTo(Finder.getConfidenceLevel());

  // Obtain the container expression, if we don't have it yet.
  if (FixerKind == LFK_Array) {
    ContainerExpr = Finder.getContainerIndexed()->IgnoreParenImpCasts();

    // Very few loops are over expressions that generate arrays rather than
    // array variables. Consider loops over arrays that aren't just represented
    // by a variable to be risky conversions.
    if (!getReferencedVariable(ContainerExpr) &&
        !isDirectMemberExpr(ContainerExpr))
      ConfidenceLevel.lowerTo(Confidence::CL_Risky);
  }

  // Find out which qualifiers we have to use in the loop range.
  TraversalKindScope RAII(*Context, TK_AsIs);
  const UsageResult &Usages = Finder.getUsages();
  determineRangeDescriptor(Context, Nodes, Loop, FixerKind, ContainerExpr,
                           Usages, Descriptor);

  // Ensure that we do not try to move an expression dependent on a local
  // variable declared inside the loop outside of it.
  // FIXME: Determine when the external dependency isn't an expression converted
  // by another loop.
  TUInfo->getParentFinder().gatherAncestors(*Context);
  DependencyFinderASTVisitor DependencyFinder(
      &TUInfo->getParentFinder().getStmtToParentStmtMap(),
      &TUInfo->getParentFinder().getDeclToParentStmtMap(),
      &TUInfo->getReplacedVars(), Loop);

  if (DependencyFinder.dependsOnInsideVariable(ContainerExpr) ||
      Descriptor.ContainerString.empty() || Usages.empty() ||
      ConfidenceLevel.getLevel() < MinConfidence)
    return;

  doConversion(Context, LoopVar, getReferencedVariable(ContainerExpr), Usages,
               Finder.getAliasDecl(), Finder.aliasUseRequired(),
               Finder.aliasFromForInit(), Loop, Descriptor);
}

llvm::StringRef LoopConvertCheck::getReverseFunction() const {
  if (!ReverseFunction.empty())
    return ReverseFunction;
  if (UseReverseRanges)
    return "std::ranges::reverse_view";
  return "";
}

llvm::StringRef LoopConvertCheck::getReverseHeader() const {
  if (!ReverseHeader.empty())
    return ReverseHeader;
  if (UseReverseRanges && ReverseFunction.empty()) {
    return "<ranges>";
  }
  return "";
}

} // namespace modernize
} // namespace clang::tidy
